The Humboldt penguin population is facing a serious threat of extinction due to a dramatic decrease in numbers, especially along the central coast of Chile, making them one of the most vulnerable penguin species in the world. Experts warn that if immediate action is not taken, the species could face extinction.
Last year, scientists surveyed two islands off the central Chilean coast and found 842 breeding pairs or active nests. However, this year, they discovered just one breeding pair, indicating a significant decline in the population. Paulina Arce, a veterinarian specializing in penguins, expressed concern that if this trend continues, it could lead to the extinction of the species.
Humboldt penguins inhabit colonies along the Pacific coasts of Chile and Peru, where they rely on the cold waters of the Humboldt Current. These flightless birds can weigh up to 11 pounds and grow as tall as 2 feet 3 inches when fully grown.
Diego Penaloza, president of the Safari Conservation Foundation, highlighted the main threats to penguins in the wild, including marine pollution, lack of pet supervision, disturbance of nesting sites, and avian flu. The El Nino weather phenomenon has exacerbated the avian flu, causing a significant impact on penguin populations and other wildlife. Javiera Meza, head of Biodiversity Conservation at the national forestry office Conaf, pointed out that the avian flu and El Nino phenomenon have led to a drop in reproduction rates to almost zero levels among Humboldt penguins.
The shift in food sources towards the southern zone due to the El Nino phenomenon has further challenged penguin populations’ survival in northern Chile. This has resulted in a decrease in reproduction rates and a significant number of penguin deaths, creating what Meza described as the “perfect storm” for the Humboldt penguins.
In conclusion, urgent action is required to protect the Humboldt penguin population from extinction. Efforts to address marine pollution, enhance pet supervision, protect nesting sites, and combat the avian flu are crucial to ensuring the survival of these vulnerable species. Conservation organizations and government agencies must work together to implement effective measures and safeguard the future of the Humboldt penguins.
