Recognizing the Early Signs of Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms to Watch Out for
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that impacts the female reproductive system. The risk of developing ovarian cancer in a woman’s lifetime is 1 in 87, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). It’s most commonly seen in older women, particularly over age 63.
**Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month**
Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month is recognized every September. During the month and all year round, it’s important to spread awareness about ovarian cancer and donate to organizations that conduct vital research regarding the disease.
**What is Ovarian Cancer?**
Ovarian cancer is a cancer diagnosis specific to women. The type of cancer is found when abnormal cells form in the ovaries or fallopian tubes. The female reproductive system has two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and also release estrogen and progesterone. When the cells, specifically in the ovaries, start to grow in an uncontrolled way, this is when ovarian cancer is usually detected.
**How is Ovarian Cancer Detected?**
There is no screening test for ovarian cancer. Efforts to develop a comprehensive screening test have not yielded much success so far, according to the ACS. The organization provides two options in lieu of a comprehensive screening test: a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and a CA-125 blood test. A TVUS uses sound waves to look at the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries by putting an ultrasound wand into the vagina. The CA-125 blood test measures the amount of the CA-125 protein in the blood.
**Early Warning Signs of Ovarian Cancer**
There are not any specific signs of early stage ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer symptoms are often vague, including losing or gaining weight, abdominal bloating, bowel changes like diarrhea or constipation, bladder changes such as an increase in frequency or urgency, abdominal discomfort and pressure, and a sense of feeling full.
**What to Do if You Think You Have Symptoms**
If symptoms persist, a woman should see a medical provider for a pelvic ultrasound. Women diagnosed should see a gynecologic oncologist. Going to an OB-GYN is a good place to start, where an ultrasound or a CT scan may sometimes be ordered.
**Risk Reduction of Ovarian Cancer**
For middle-aged women with the BRCA-1 gene, it is recommended they get their fallopian tubes tied and ovaries removed. Other aspects that may reduce a woman’s risk of ovarian cancer include giving birth, having a tubal ligation, having a hysterectomy, breastfeeding, and using birth control pills.
**Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer**
One of the biggest risk factors for ovarian cancer is age. Family history, not having children, and an endometriosis diagnosis are among the risk factors for ovarian cancer. Women with the BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 gene are also at higher risk, as well as Caucasians, those with early onset of menses and late menopause.
**Is Ovarian Cancer Curable?**
The earlier ovarian cancer is diagnosed in a woman, the more treatable the disease is. Typically, ovarian cancer is treated through surgery to remove the tumor and/or chemotherapy. The life expectancy for someone with ovarian cancer is based on averages and also differs depending on the type of cancer that is present.
**Age and Ovarian Cancer**
For women under the age of 40, their risk of ovarian cancer is rare. Half of all ovarian cancers are found in women 63 and older. Most commonly, ovarian cancer develops after a woman reaches menopause.
Early detection and awareness are crucial in the fight against ovarian cancer. By recognizing the early signs and symptoms, seeking medical attention promptly, and understanding the risk factors and ways to reduce risk, women can take proactive steps in protecting their health. Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month serves as a reminder to prioritize women’s health and support research efforts to improve detection, treatment, and ultimately, the outcomes for those affected by this disease.
Remember, knowledge is power when it comes to ovarian cancer. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and prioritize your health.