Patients who are taking GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and others may face complications during surgery, recent research has shown. These medications are commonly prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity. The use of GLP-1 medications can slow down digestion, leading to food staying in the stomach longer than usual.
This delay in digestion can result in a potentially life-threatening condition called pulmonary aspiration, where food or liquid is inhaled into the lungs. Pulmonary aspiration can cause severe lung damage, infections, or even death. Therefore, patients who are taking GLP-1 medications should be cautious when undergoing surgery.
Dr. Alfred Bonati, the founder of the Bonati Spine Institute in Florida, warns that general anesthesia can also cause nausea, and the slowed digestion from weight-loss medications can exacerbate this, increasing the risk of vomiting during surgery. Additionally, patients taking GLP-1 agonists may be at an increased risk of postoperative ileus, a dysfunction of the intestines after surgery.
Dr. Brett Osborn, a board-certified neurosurgeon, advises his patients to stop taking GLP-1 medications at least one week before a surgical procedure to reduce the risk of complications. He also mentions that patients following a hypocaloric diet, common among GLP-1 users, may inhibit healing and recovery from surgery, which requires a caloric surplus, particularly from protein-laden foods.
Proper nutrition is essential for tissue recovery after surgery. By causing a relative state of malnutrition, GLP-1 medications can pose challenges for perioperative patients. Dr. Jean-Carlos Jimenez, medical director at Attune Med Spa in Connecticut, notes that GLP-1 medications can lead to complications during surgery due to their effects on digestion and gastric emptying.
Patients should review all the medications they are taking with their surgeon and anesthesiologist before undergoing surgery. Depending on the type of GLP-1 agonist, patients may need to adjust their medication schedule leading up to the procedure. The American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology have both issued warnings about the risks associated with GLP-1 medications during surgery.
In conclusion, patients taking GLP-1 medications should be aware of the potential complications during surgery and take necessary precautions to ensure a safe and successful procedure. Consultation with healthcare providers and following their recommendations is crucial to minimize risks and promote optimal recovery.