As the summer heat continues to rise, the impact on human health can be severe and even life-threatening. Experts have found that the critical danger point for illness and death from extreme heat is lower than previously believed. Researchers have conducted studies to observe the effects of heat on the human body, shedding light on the risks associated with heat waves.
When the body is exposed to high temperatures, the core temperature can rise significantly. The normal resting core temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, which is only a few degrees away from heatstroke, a condition that can be fatal. During heat waves, individuals with a fever of 102 degrees or higher, without a clear source of infection, are at risk of heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heatstroke.
Heat-related deaths can occur in three main ways. Heatstroke, which causes critical increases in body temperature leading to organ failure, is often the first culprit. The strain on the heart is another significant factor, especially for individuals with cardiovascular disease. Heat places additional stress on the heart as it tries to cool the body down by diverting blood flow to the skin, causing a drop in blood pressure. Dehydration is also a dangerous consequence of intense heat, as it can lead to organ failure and even seizures.
In addition to physical effects, heat can also impact cognitive function, causing confusion and difficulty thinking. Older individuals are especially vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction in the heat. Factors like humidity can exacerbate the dangers of extreme heat, affecting the body’s ability to cool down through sweating. Wet bulb globe temperature measurements take into account humidity, solar radiation, and wind, providing a more accurate assessment of heat-related risks.
When treating individuals suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke, rapid cooling is essential. Cold water immersion is the most effective method to lower body temperature quickly. In emergency situations where water immersion is not possible, medical professionals use intravenous fluids, misters, ice packs, and cooling mats to help bring body temperature down.
Heat-related illnesses are often referred to as the “silent killer” because they can quietly progress without immediate visible symptoms. It is crucial to be aware of the risks associated with extreme heat and take preventive measures to stay safe during heat waves. Understanding how heat affects the body and recognizing the signs of heat-related illnesses can help save lives during the sweltering summer months.