A recent study by Mass General Brigham found that having a mother with Alzheimer’s might increase the risk of inheriting the disease more than a paternal history. The study analyzed 4,400 adults between the ages of 65 and 85 who showed no signs of cognitive decline but had amyloid in their brain-imaging scans. Those with higher levels of amyloid were more likely to have mothers with Alzheimer’s symptoms, particularly memory loss.
Amyloid is a protein that builds up in the brain and forms plaques that impact cognitive function, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. The study, published in JAMA Neurology, revealed a significant impact of maternal versus paternal history of dementia on the risk of offspring developing amyloid-beta protein accumulation in the brain. Maternal history had a greater impact on the risk of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease in children compared to paternal history.
The researchers expected to find similar genetic risks from both parents but discovered a notable difference. Individuals in the study had preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, characterized by amyloid buildup without symptoms. This stage presents an opportunity to treat Alzheimer’s before irreversible damage occurs.
The study also found a connection between amyloid buildup and a history of Alzheimer’s on both sides of the family, as well as fathers with early-onset dementia. Women are nearly twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s than men, highlighting the importance of understanding genetic contributions to the disease.
However, there are limitations to the study, including self-reported family history by participants, potential biases, and inaccuracies. The longer lifespan of women compared to men could also influence the observed prevalence of cognitive decline in women. The researchers emphasized the need for further research to fully understand how family history impacts the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Doctors stress the importance of gathering detailed family history, including the age of onset of memory loss or dementia in parents, when evaluating dementia patients. Lifestyle and environmental factors play a significant role in dementia risk, so maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and social and intellectual engagement is crucial, especially for individuals with a family history of Alzheimer’s.
In conclusion, understanding the impact of family history on Alzheimer’s risk can help individuals take proactive steps to lower their risk and potentially delay the onset of the disease. More research is needed to explore the complex interplay between genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors in Alzheimer’s disease.
